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All-electric glass melting kiln
Time：
Sep 13,2024
There have been repeated trials of different types of kilns energised to melt glass, such as electric arc kilns, induction kilns and resistance kilns.
Arc kilns have failed to melt glass, mainly due to contamination of the glass by graphite in the electrodes. Induction kilns are successful, especially for melting on an experimental scale, or for melting some optical glasses with a narrow range of properties. Lead crucibles are used for optical glass melting, and these are expensive due to their high production costs.
Glass electrofusion technology is currently the most advanced international melting process, is the glass production enterprises to improve product quality, reduce energy consumption, and fundamentally eliminate environmental pollution is a very effective way. For 15t / d of small glass melting kiln, in the area of adequate power and moderate electricity prices, with the electrofusion process to produce various types of glass products, the overall economic benefits are ideal; in the area of higher electricity prices, for coloured glass, opalescent glass, borosilicate glass, leaded glass, high volatile components of the glass or special glass production is also cost-effective.
Types of all-electric melting kilns 01 Double chamber electric melting kiln
The surface of the melting tank of the double chamber pendant electric melting kiln is completely covered by the added mating material. The electrodes are in the form of plates with dimensions of 200 mm X 300 mm, set along the side walls of the melting bath and supplied with single-phase power. The electric field (temperature field) between the electrodes is uniform. The glass liquid reaches the working cell through the flow hole and the rising channel, and then enters into each material channel. The working cell is also equipped with electrodes, and the current through the electrodes maintains the glass liquid in this part at the specified temperature. The voltage difference between the electrodes of the melting cell and the working cell causes the current to flow from the melting cell to the working cell through the flow holes.
02 Lead crystalline glass melting kiln (T-shape kiln)
The kiln carries out melting vertically, tin oxide electrodes are installed horizontally on the wall of the melting tank, the glass liquid is fed into the forehearth through the liquid-flow hole and the ascent channel, the liquid surface is covered by the matching material, and the charging is done by a belt conveyor. The melting pool, the flow hole and the vertical rising channel are all made of electrofused lead corundum bricks and are insulated. The melting temperature of the lead glass is not high (generally at 1370°C), so the etching is light. The kiln is roofed with a hanging flat swan and the temperature is only about 120°C during normal operation. The kiln produces a wide range of fish (2-20t/d of glass).
03 Hexagonal vertical shaft type electric melting kiln
In recent years, vertical shaft type electric melting kiln has been widely used in actual production. This type of kiln has a small surface area and dissipates less heat. The ratio of shaft diameter to height is 1:1, and the depth of the liquid glass is slightly greater than the diameter of the shaft. In this type of kiln, the horizontal electrode rods can be arranged in two or several horizontal planes on the pool wall. The electrodes on each level are supplied by electrically independent power supplies, preventing energisation between electrodes on different levels. The charge is added to the kiln via a vibrating chute and spread over the entire surface by means of a self-rotating rake. Compared with other kiln types, the hexagonal shaft kiln has a higher thermal efficiency.
Advantages of all-electric melting kiln
1.No exhaust gas, preventing air pollution. Since there is no combustion gas from the flame kiln, all kinds of volatiles are covered by the mating material, and there is no problem of harmful soot dispersion in the air.
2, reduce the volatility of volatile compound components.
3, the kiln overhaul is faster, an electric melting kiln overhaul can be successfully completed within a period of 10 days.
4, Full load discharge can be maintained throughout the kiln life. In fuel-heated kilns, the ability to maintain heat input and the amount of glass to be discharged is often limited by the deterioration of the combustion system. In electric kilns, the additional heat loss due to sidewalls can be quickly and easily compensated for by increasing the electrical power input through higher voltage.
5, Small footprint. The kiln consists only of a melting tank, a flow hole and a rising channel.
6, heat loss is reduced, energy consumption is greatly reduced. The all-electric melting kiln relies on the conductivity of the glass liquid itself to achieve its melting, it is endothermic.
7, the glass quality is good. As the melting is carried out in the glass liquid inside, along the depth of the melting pool temperature difference is very small; less volatile, stable glass composition; vertical melting reduces the layering of high-lead glass. All these ensure that the glass liquid has good uniformity, stability.
8.construction investment is small, simple auxiliary equipment.
9.All-electric melting kiln is easy to adjust and control, wide range of operation, thermal regime than the pool kiln stability.
Disadvantages of all-electricity melting kiln:
1, Many areas of electricity costs are still high, so the use of all-electricity melting kiln leads to a higher cost of electricity.
2, The refractory material life is not long, the refractory material used in electric melting kiln is not as long as that used in flame kiln. In summary. In strict environmental requirements, low electricity prices, glass melting difficulties, high glass quality requirements, the production rule of hours can be considered all-electric melting kiln.
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